Basic & Advanced Talking Points

ABA Outline

Respiratory System

 Respiratory System

1.  Physiology: Lung Functions and Cellular Processes 
   • Lung Volumes 
     • Definitions; Methods of Measurement; Normal Values; Time Constants 
     • Spirometry; Static and Dynamic Volumes; Dead Space; Nitrogen Washout, O2 Uptake, CO2 Production, Exercise Testing 
2. Lung Mechanics 
   • Static and Dynamic Compliance, Pleural Pressure Gradient, Flow-Volume Loops and Hysteresis, Surfactant, Laplace Law 
   • Resistances; Principles of Gas Flow Measurement 
   • Methods of Measurement 
   • Work of Breathing
   • Regulation of Airway Caliber 
3. Ventilation: Perfusion 
   • Distribution of Ventilation 
   • Distribution of Perfusion, Zones, Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction 
   • Alveolar Gas Equation 
4. Diffusion 
   • Definition, Pulmonary Diffusion Capacity 
   • Apneic Oxygenation, Diffusion Hypoxia 
5. Blood Gas 
   • O2 Transport; O2 Physical Solubility; Oxyhemoglobin (Hb-O2) Saturation, Hb-O2 Dissociation Curve; 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG), P50, Respiratory Enzymes; Hemoglobin (Hb) As A Buffer 
   • CO2 Transport; Blood CO2 Content; Carbonic Anhydrase; CO2 Dissociation Curve; Bohr Effect, Haldane Effect 
   • Systemic Effects of Hypercarbia and Hypocarbia 
   • Systemic Effects of Hyperoxia and Hypoxemia 
   • Basic Interpretation of Arterial Blood Gas 
6. Control of Ventilation 
   • Respiratory Center
   • Central and Peripheral Chemoreceptors; Proprioceptive Receptors; Respiratory Muscles and Reflexes; Innervation 
   • CO2 and O2 Response Curves 
7. Non-Respiratory Functions of Lungs: Metabolic, Immune
8.  Perioperative Smoking 
   • Physiologic Effects 
   • Cessation of Smoking 
9. Anatomy 
   • Nose 
   • Pharynx: Subdivisions; Innervation 
   • Larynx 
10. Innervation; Muscles; Blood Supply; Cartilages
    •  Vocal Cords, Positions with Paralysis
    •  Differences between Infant and Adult 
11. Tracheobronchial Tree 
    • Structure and Relationships in Neck and Chest
12.  Muscles of Respiration, Accessory Muscles
13.  Pharmacology 
    • Bronchodilators 
      • β-Agonists 
      • Anticholinergics 
    • Anti-inflammatory Medications 
      • Steroids 
      • Leukotriene Modifier Drugs
      •  Mast Cell Stabilizers 
      • Immunoglobulin E (IgE) Blockers